To assesse the iron AND silicon effects on the yield AND physiological characteristics of green pea, WANDo cultivar by ASGrow Corporation was used in three levels of iron chelate (0.05, 0.1 AND 0.3 gr per l-1) AND silicon (0, 14 AND 28 mg per l-1), as a factorial experimental in completely rANDomized design with three replications. In this experiment, characterisics such as fresh AND dry weight of grain, the number of grain per pod, concentration of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn AND Si in leaf AND grain were measured. Results showed that the interaction of Fe AND Si was significant at p<0.01 on grain fresh AND dry wigeht, concentratin of leaf AND grain Fe, leaf Mn, leaf AND grain Zn AND leaf Si AND the application of Fe AND Si was significant separately, on other traits such as number of grain per pod, concentration of leaf AND grain Cu, Mn AND Si in grain.  The Mean squares showed that the application of Fe AND Si significantly increased fresh AND dry grain weight AND Si laef concetration AND decreased the concentratin of leaf AND grain Fe AND Mn as well as grain Mn.  The enhancement of Fe AND Si application separately decreased the concentration of Mn, Cu AND zinc leaf AND grains, but the Si concentration of leaf AND grain were increased by Si application. The concentration of Fe, Mn, Cu AND Zn were decreased in leaf AND grain because of antagonistic effects. It can be concluded that Si reduces the harmfull effects of high levels of iron toxicity AND the application of 0.1 g/l AND 25 mg/l can be recommended as the best treatments.

The aim of present research in the first stage was to extract astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis using acid-acetone method AND then nanoencapsulation of the pigment using maltodextrin-sodium caseinate coating. In the next step, antioxidant AND antibacterial activities of nanocapsules carrying astaxanthin AND the free form of the pigment was evaluated. In order to evaluate antibacterial activity of the samples, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus iniae, Bacillus subtilis (Gram positive), Yersinia ruckeri, Escherichia coli AND Enterobacter aerogenes (Gram negative) were used. The results showed that the antioxidant activity of nanocapsules carrying astaxanthin is significantly higher than the free form of pigment (p<0.05); In addition, this activity was improved by increasing the concentration of samples from 100 to 200 µg/ml (p<0.05). By astaxanthin nanoencapsulation, the diameter of non-growth zone of the studied bacteria increased (p<0.05), but minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) AND minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the pigment AND its carrier nanocapsules decreased (p<0.05). According to the results of zone of inhibition, Gram positive (except Listeria monocytogenes) AND Gram negative bacteria were resistant up to concentrations of 60 AND 80 µg/ml of samples, respectively. In the following, the MIC AND MBC of the pigment (free AND nanoencapsulated forms) for the seven bacteria ranged from 50 to 400 AND 100 to 500 µg/ml, respectively. The results of EVALUATION the antioxidant AND antibacterial activities of nanocapsules carrying astaxanthin during storage period (30 days at 4ºC) indicated stability AND no significant change of these properties (p>0.05). According to the values of diameter of non-growth zone, MIC AND MBC, Listeria monocytogenes was the most sensitive bacteria against astaxanthin AND its carrier nanocapsules. Based on the findings, astaxanthin extracted from Haematococcus pluvialis has antioxidant AND antibacterial activities, AND these properties are improved by the pigment nanoencapsulation using maltodextrin-sodium caseinate coating.

To study the effect of salinity stress on some physiological traits in wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.), a factorial experiment based on rANDomized complete block design with three replicates was performed at 2017 in the research greenhouse of Agronomy Department, University of Tehran. Salinity treatments at two levels; control (1.2 dS/m) AND sodium chloride treatment (16 dS/m) AND seven wheat cultivars, Rowshan, Inia-66, Mahdavi, Khazar-1, Karaj-2, Ghods AND Shole were the experimental treatments. According to the results, relative water content, yield AND its components AND potassium/sodium ratio decreased in all genotypes while Na+ content AND remobilization of carbohydrates were increased. Salt resistant varieties, Roshan AND Inia-66, had the highest level of relative water content, remobilization of soluble carbohydrates AND number of grains per spike. In addition, Roshan cultivar showed the highest potassium concentration AND K+/Na+ in the shoots, while Ghods AND Sholeh as sensitive cultivars had the highest sodium concentration in the shoots. Findings showed that the ability of a cultivar to remobilize soluble carbohydrates is one of the traits that determine salt stress tolerance, hence, this trait is suitable for evaluating salt tolerance of wheat cultivars in the future investigations.

To evaluate the effect of nitrogen AND water withholding in vegetative growth stage of corn on efficacy of nicosulfuron AND 2,4-D+ MCPA an experiment was conducted as a factorial arrangement in a rANDomized complete block design with three replications at Tarbiat Modares University in 2017. The first factor contained four treatments including application of nicosulfuron, 2,4-D+ MCPA, weed free AND weed infested as control. The second factor consisted of normal irrigation AND water withholding from 4 to 8 leaf stage. Third factor contained either urea application or no fertilizer application. Normal irrigation AND nitrogen fertilizer application significantly increased nicosulfuron AND 2,4-D+ MCPA efficacy in weed control AND total weed dry weight decreased to 341 AND 361 g.m-2 respectively compared 1370 g.m-2 as weed infested. Nicosulfuron AND 2,4-D+ MCPA reduced weed total dry weight significantly under irrigation withholding. Grain yield increased with application of nitrogen AND nicosulfuron. Grain yield was higher with application of 2,4-D+ MCPA than nicosulfuron without nitrogen application under irrigation withholding. Application of nicosulfuron with nitrogen application provided satisfactory weed control AND increased grain yield.

Monitoring AND EVALUATION of transformers are essential to prevent their insulation failure. In this paper, the use of 2-furan-carboxaldehyde (2-FAL) AND methanol (MeOH) concentrations as the main products of paper insulation degradation, AND insulation condition markers, has been studied. In order to study the degradation process AND production of degradation products, the thermal aging process of the transformer insulation system was implemented in laboratory conditions. The results of laboratory studies show that in the early stages of degradation the amount of MeOH is significant compared to 2-FAL. Also, the estimation of the degree of polymerization (DP) in the early stages of degradation (DP>800) through MeOH concentration AND with decreasing DP (DP <800) through 2-FAL concentration is closer to the real value. The results of studies performed on 35 distribution transformers confirm the production of significant amounts of MeOH in the early stages of degradation. Also, the estimated DP values for the studied transformers were obtained through 2-FAL AND MeOH concentration. The results show that estimating the amount of DP through MeOH concentration is associated with a probability of error of about 9% compared to estimating DP through 2-FAL concentration.

Objective(s): To determine application of the PRECEDE model for increasing coping behaviors against anxiety in Tehran firemen.Methods: This was a quasi experimental study. 118 firemen (59 in experimental group AND 59 in control group) from Tehran fire stations were selected as the subjects of the study through a multistage sampling. Data collection tool was a questionnaire developed by author including demographic characteristics AND PRECEDE model components.Results: Comparing to the control group, after educational intervention in the study group, the mean scores of knowledge, attitude, self efficacy (predisposing factors), skill of the relaxation (enabling factor), behavior increased significantly (P<0.0001) AND use of 3 educational resources (enabling factor) in area of relaxation increased significantly (P<0.03). Also, verbal persuasion AND positive experiences after doing relaxation (reinforcing factors) were reported by experimental group.Conclusion: The finding of the study illustrates effective application of PRECEDE model in increasing predisposing, enabling, reinforcing factors AND coping behaviors against anxiety in Tehran firemen.

A B S T R A C TThe present study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting improving the quality of urban housing. This research is applied in terms of purpose AND in terms of descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of the research was the residents of 8 residential complexes of Atabak neighborhood in District 15 of Tehran. Based on Cochran's formula, 384 questionnaires were distributed among residents. Finally, 380 complete AND error-free questionnaires were collected. The data collection tool was a questionnaire, the validity of which was verified in the form of face AND face validity, as well as divergent validity AND reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha AND composite reliability. Analysis of data AND information was done using SPSS AND PLS software. The findings of this research showed physical quality with a path coefficient of 0.368, the variable of ACCESS to urban services with a path coefficient of 0.339, the variable of housing social conditions with a path coefficient of 0.169, AND environmental quality with a path coefficient of 0.302 has a positive AND significant impact on housing quality. According to the path coefficient obtained for the research variables, the amount of their impact on housing quality is evaluated as average. Among the identified factors, the factor of physical quality with a path coefficient of 0.368 has the most significant impact, AND the factor of ACCESS to urban services with a path coefficient of 0.339 is ranked second. Also, this factor has a positive AND significant effect on the physical quality factor of housing.Extended AbstractIntroductionAtabak neighborhood is one of the neighborhoods of District 15 of Tehran. In this neighborhood, physical changes have been made according to the interventions of the Tehran municipality in line with the implementation of the urban lANDscape plan AND organized (inflow of private sector capital) in different years so far. Along with these interventions, the inadequacy of infrastructure AND services to meet the population's needs has become this neighborhood's basic problem. Attention to its qualitative aspect needs to be addressed. This matter is important from the point of view of providing the city's basic needs, equitable distribution of facilities AND resources, reducing urban inequalities, improving economic-social indicators, preventing unbridled AND unplanned expansion, AND ultimately improving the quality of life of the people. It demANDs that the quality of housing AND the factors affecting it be evaluated AND that a double effort be made to improve it, AND it can provide a suitable context for providing suitable models of housing quality for citizens. Considering the mentioned cases, this research aims to answer the question:- What are the effective factors in improving the quality of housing? MethodologyThe current research is descriptive-analytical. In terms of purpose, it is in the category of applied research. Two library AND field methods have collected the information needed for this research. In the field method, primary data collection has been done according to the research questions by designing a 5-scale Likert scale questionnaire. The statistical population of the study was the residents of Mobaat, Minabi, Atabek, Shahrak Sajjadieh, Yas, Zahid Gilani, Shahid Asadi, AND Safa residential complexes located in Atabak neighborhood of District 15 of Tehran. The statistical population was equal to 20469 people, AND based on Cochran's formula, 384 questionnaires were distributed among residents. Finally, 380 complete AND error-free questionnaires were collected; the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed in the form of face AND face validity as well as divergent validity. In order to check the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha AND combined reliability were used, AND according to the results presented in the research findings section, the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed. The data obtained from this research were analyzed using structural modeling using SPSS AND PLS software. Results AND discussion This research showed that physical quality has a positive AND significant effect on improving housing quality; according to the value of the obtained path coefficient, which is equal to 0.368, the value of this effect is considered moderate. Based on the results, it can be said that physical dimensions, such as the physical crystallization of housing, are the most objective AND material issues in housing EVALUATION, analysis, AND planning. Concerning the impact of ACCESS to urban services on the quality of housing, the findings indicated a significant impact of ACCESS to urban services. In explaining the results of this section, it can be said that gradually, the housing is changing from a single purpose to a shelter. Those other aspects of welfare AND social comfort are also added; the limits of enjoying services AND ACCESS to the essentials of life are shown to evaluate the housing quality. These indicators are very important in determining housing quality AND are an integral part of housing planning. ACCESS to urban housing services is considered one of the main indicators of life, which the Population Crisis Committee has used to measure quality in the world's metropolises. In relation to social conditions AND environmental quality on the quality of housing, the results of this research confirmed the impact of the social environment AND environmental quality on the quality of housing. Creating residential spaces is a topic that has been discussed previously. From the beginning, human beings have tried to create a favorable living environment that matches the quality conditions of their residence's social AND environmental environment. ConclusionThis research was written to explain the factors affecting improving the quality of urban housing. The findings of this research showed that among the studied factors, the physical quality factor with a path coefficient of 0.368 has the most significant impact on improving the quality of urban housing in Tehran, such that this factor can explain 13.5% of the variance of the housing quality condition variable. Physical quality is defined based on the structural basis of a building AND is often defined in the form of rules AND stANDards related to it. The physical quality is sometimes interpreted as the appearance of buildings. Since they are fixed AND real things, they are the reason for the emergence of general indicators for housing EVALUATION. The second factor is ACCESS to urban services with a path coefficient of 0.339, so this factor can explain 11.4% of the variance of the housing quality condition variable. This factor has been ranked second regarding the impact on housing quality according to the path coefficient value obtained. In third place was the factor of environmental quality with the path coefficient value of 0.302, AND this factor can explain 1.9% of the variance of the variable of housing quality. Moreover, in the last place is the factor of housing social conditions, which has a path coefficient of 0.196. Also, from the other results of this research, we can mention the positive effect of ACCESS to the quality of urban services on the improvement of the physical condition of housing, AND the value of the path coefficient obtained for this effect is equal to 0.623 so that it is 38.8% of the variance of the variable. FundingThere is no funding support. Authors’ ContributionThe authors contributed equally to the conceptualization AND writing of the article. All of the authors approthe contenttent of the manuscript AND agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of InterestThe authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

The basic concept of hemodialysis ACCESS is to make a route to the central circulation in CRF patients. Vascular ACCESS procedures AND subsequent complications represent a major cause of morbidity, hospitalization AND cost for hemodialysis patients. Native arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are preferable to synthetic arteriovenous grafts because they are associated with a lower frequency of thrombosis AND infection, as well as greater longevity. AVFs that are never usable AND early graft failures are associated with the common problem of inadequate vessel (artery or vein) selection. The surgeon’s preoperative physical examination is the primary basis for AVF versus graft selection. Only palpable veins are considered for construction of AVFs, AND the more proximal draining venous anatomy is not known prior to the operation. Physical examination is the traditional surgical EVALUATION performed prior to hemodialysis ACCESS placement. Palpation AND inspection are difficult in obese arms, AND few patients have vessels that are visible throughout their entire course. Patients with end-stage renal disease have often had multiple venipunctures AND numerous intravenous lines placed AND thus have an increased likelihood of venous stenosis or occlusion. Central vein problems are difficult to detect at visual inspection. By colour Doppler analysis vessels can be assessed for size, stenosis, AND occlusion. US mapping assists in surgical planning AND is especially valuable in patients who are difficult surgical cases (eg, obesity, diabetes, history of prior ACCESS, elderly women).This lecture contains two separate sections: 1-Vascular mapping prior to ACCESS placement AND 2-Fistula maturity by US EVALUATION. Ultrasonography (US) is an excellent modality for hemodialysis ACCESS EVALUATION because it is  readily available, non-invasive AND inexpensive. It avoids the risks associated with iodinated contrast material AND ionizing radiation.

Since the EVALUATION of the diversity indicators in consumption of medicinal species by the beneficiary’s households AND its driving factors is of utmost importance in marketing, multi-purpose planning of rangelANDs AND sustainable development, a questionary-based study was carried out to determine the diversity indices of medicinal species consumption in settled nomadic communities living under different management AND livelihood situations in the rangelANDs of Dyvaroeieh in Bardsir township, Kerman province, Iran. To this end, the medicinal species consumed by each household (as a study unit) in addition to the diversity indicators of consumption (i.e., dominance coefficient AND Shannon-Weiner index) were evaluated under two management sites comprising RangelAND Management Plan (RMP) (i.e.,Dvyaroeieh 1) AND the nearest adjacent rangelAND without RMP (i.e., Dyvaroeieh 2, as control treatment ) AND three livelihood levels (i.e., very poor (<50 million Rials monthly income), poor (50-100 million Rials monthly income) AND moderate (100-150 million Rials monthly income)) under factorial test in SPSS software environment. The study's results revealed that both of management AND livelihood factors can be applied by manager to increase diversity indices in medicinal plants consumed by beneficiaries. More specifically, management through RMP was more powerful AND effective tool in this way. Therefore, it could conceivably be argued that RMP can be considered as a driving factor in increasing the diversity of medicinal plant consumption AND also be a suitable platform to meet the needs AND demANDs of rangelANDs’ beneficiaries in this field.

Objective(s): To examine effect of an educational intervention on depression AND quality of life in patients with coronary artery bypass grafting surgery.Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study of 54 patients after bypass surgery in the Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center. The patients rANDomly assigned to intervention AND control groups. Primarily Cardiac Depression Scale was used to measure depression. In addition, a PRCEDE-based educational questionnaire AND the end SF-36 questionnaire were used. The intervention group received a PRCEDE Model educational package up four months.Results: After education the mean score of Predisposing factors, Enabling factors, Reinforcing factors AND self-helping behaviors increased significantly in the intervention group as compared to the control group (P<0.001). The mean score of depression in control group (M=104.5, SD=30.4) AND intervention group (M=112.8, SD=21.9) decreased significantly, but this effect was more pronounced in intervention group (M=66.2, SD=22 vs M=89.2, SD=27.8). Also the significant differences in quality of life between two groups were seen in physical functioning (P<0.04), role emotional (P<0.01) AND mental component summary (P<0.04).Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that the PRCEDE Model was effective educational intervention in reducing depression AND enhancing quality of life in patients with coronary artery bypass surgery.